الجزء الاول اسئلة اختيارى fluid and electrolyte blance

 

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This set has 69 terms

(1)Approximately two thirds of the body's total water volume exists in the _____ fluid.
a. Intracellular
b. Interstitial
c. Intravascular
d. Transcellular

 (2)The process of passively moving water from an area of lower particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration is known as
a. Hydrolysis.
b. Osmosis.
c. Filtration.
d. Active transport.

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(3)The nurse knows that edema in a patient who has venous congestion from right heart failure is facilitated by an imbalance with regard to _____ pressure.
a. Hydrostatic
b. Osmotic
c. Oncotic
d. Concentration

 (4)The nurse understands that administering a hypertonic solution to a patient will shift water from the _____ to the _____ space.
a. Intracellular; extracellular
b. Extracellular; intracellular
c. Intravascular; intracellular
d. Intravascular; interstitial

 (5)Which patient is most at risk for sensible water loss?
a. A 7-year-old child with asthma
b. A 24-year-old adult with constipation
c. A 56-year-old patient with gastroenteritis
d. An 80-year-old patient with pneumonia

 (6)The nurse knows that the most abundant cation in the blood is
a. Sodium.
b. Potassium.
c. Chloride.
d. Magnesium.

 (7)The nurse receives the patient's most recent blood work results. Which laboratory value is of greatest concern?
a. Sodium of 145 mEq/L
b. Calcium of 17.5 mg/dL
c. Potassium of 3.5 mEq/L
d. Chloride of 100 mEq/L

 (8)The nurse would expect a patient with increased levels of serum calcium to also have _____ levels.
a. Increased potassium
b. Decreased phosphate
c. Decreased sodium
d. Increased magnesium

 (9)The nurse knows that an imbalance of which ion causes acid-base impairment?
a. Hydrogen
b. Calcium
c. Magnesium
d. Sodium

 (10)The nurse would expect a patient with respiratory acidosis to have an excessive amount of
a. Carbon dioxide.
b. Bicarbonate.
c. Oxygen.
d. Phosphate.

 (11)A 2-year-old child was brought into the emergency department after ingesting several morphine tablets from a bottle in his mother's purse. The nurse knows that the child is at greatest risk for which acid-base imbalance?
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis

 (12)A patient was admitted for a bowel obstruction and has had a nasogastric tube set to low intermittent suction for the past 3 days. The patient's respiratory rate has decreased to 12 breaths per minute. The nurse would expect the patient to have which of the following arterial blood gas values?
a. pH 7.78, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, HCO3- 30 mEq/L
b. pH 7.52, PaCO2 48 mm Hg, HCO3- 28 mEq/L
c. pH 7.35, PaCO2 35 mm Hg, HCO3- 26 mEq/L
d. pH 7.25, PaCO2 47 mm Hg, HCO3- 29 mEq/L

(13)The nurse would not expect full compensation to occur for which acid-base imbalance?
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis

 (14)A nurse is caring for a patient whose ECG presents with changes characteristic of hypokalemia. Which assessment finding would the nurse expect?
a. Thready peripheral pulses
b. Abdominal distention
c. Dry mucous membranes
d. Flushed skin

 (15)In which patient would the nurse expect to see a positive Chvostek sign?
a. A 7-year-old child admitted for severe burns
b. A 24-year-old adult admitted for chronic alcohol abuse
c. A 50-year-old patient admitted for an acute exacerbation of hyperparathyroidism
d. A 75-year-old patient admitted for a bro-ken hip related to osteoporosis

 (16)Which organ system is responsible for compensation of respiratory acidosis?
a. Respiratory
b. Renal
c. Gastrointestinal
d. Endocrine

 (17)Which laboratory value should the nurse examine when evaluating uncompensated respiratory alkalosis?
a. PaO2
b. Anion gap
c. PaCO2
d. HCO3-

 (18)The nurse is caring for a diabetic patient in renal failure. Which laboratory findings would the nurse expect?
a. pH 7.3, PaCO2 36 mm Hg, HCO3- 19 mEq/L
b. pH 7.5, PaCO2 35 mm Hg, HCO3- 35 mEq/L
c. pH 7.3, PaCO2 47 mm Hg, HCO3- 23 mEq/L
d. pH 7.35, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, HCO3- 25 mEq/L

 (19)The nurse is assessing a patient and finds crackles in the lung bases and neck vein distention. The nurse gives the patient a diuretic. What electrolyte imbalance is the nurse most concerned about?
a. Potassium imbalance
b. Sodium imbalance
c. Calcium imbalance
d. Phosphate imbalance

(20)A chemotherapy patient has gained 5 pounds in 2 days. Which assessment question by the nurse is most appropriate?
a. "Are you having difficulty sleeping at night?"
b. "How many calories a day do you con-sume?"
c. "Do you have dry mouth or feel thirsty?"
d. "How many times a day do you urinate?"